References

Electricity Reform: Power Generation Costs and Investment, International Energy Agency, Paris, 1998. Tonn B., Hirst E. & Bauer D., Public-Policy Responsibilities in a Restructured Electricity Industry, ORNL/CON-420, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, 1995, p22—25. Projected Costs of Generating Electricity — 1998 Update, OECD, Paris, 1998. Robinson C., Privatising Nuclear Power: Evidence for the Review of Future Prospects for Nuclear Power, Surrey Energy Economics Discussion Paper Series No 79, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, 1994. Financial Statistics of Major US Investor-Owned Electric Utilities, US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington DC, 1997 (Table 14). Need for Natural Gas Increases with More Nuclear Plant Shutdowns, Washington International Energy Group, Washington DC, May 1998. Consultant says 40% of US plants can't compete for baseload market, Nucleonics Week, 11 December 1997, p6. EDF official says nuclear is competitive, can stay that way, Nucleonics Week, 19 December 1996, p3. British nuclear generators received, effectively, lump-sum payments through the Non-Fossil Fuel Levy from 1990 to 1996. This was to enable them to meet unavoidable long-term liabilities that were not matched by assets. These liabilities included costs for plant closure, waste management, and reprocessing of fuel already used. According to the UK Department of Trade and Industry, the payments were specifically designed to avoid giving the generators incentives to increase output beyond the level indicated by their marginal costs of production and the market prices of electricity, including the Pool price. In practice, nuclear generating marginal costs at existing stations have been below pool prices. Upon privatisation of the modern nuclear plants in 1996, payments to nuclear generators from the Levy were stopped, except for those accrued in earlier years but not yet made. NE says nuclear kWh costs cut by 40% in five years' operation, Nucleonics Week, 1 December 1994, p3. BE reports pre-tax profits tripled as it became UK's top generator, Nucleonics Week, 21 May 1998, p8-9. Continued progress for the US nuclear industry, Nuclear News, May 1997, p40—43. More competition, less staff, Nuclear Engineering International, July 1996, p29—30. Restructuring will encourage nuclear life extension, study says, Nucleonics Week, 21 May 1998, p19—20. Olsson S. & Haukeland S., 'Light Water Reactors for the Next Century', Uranium and Nuclear Energy 1997, Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Symposium of the Uranium Institute, London, 3—5 September 1997, p36—46. BG&E becomes the front runner in seeking NRC license renewal, Nucleonics Week, 12 March 1998, p1 ff. Extended lives, reduced outages to keep Japan's nuclear economic, Nucleonics Week, 8 May 1997, p1 ff. One-unit plants must consolidate or be shut down, says PECO's Smith, Nucleonics Week, 2 April 1998, p1 ff. 'Entergy, NYPA announce precedent-setting nuclear pact', The Energy Daily, 1 August 1996, p1—2. Joint statement by the New York Power Authority and Entergy Corporation, Press Release, Entergy Corporation, New Orleans, 29 October 1996. Blanc H-C., Analysing EdF's Aims and Strategies Within an Increasingly Competitive European Market, Electricity in Europe '97, Berlin, 24—25 June 1997. Bourdaire J-M. & Paffenbarger J., 'Climate Concerns and Nuclear Power's Future', Proceedings of the 41st Annual General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 30 September 1997. Lacy B.A., 'Competition: The Essential Element for Future Nuclear Success', Uranium and Nuclear Energy 1997, Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Symposium of the Uranium Institute, London, 3—5 September 1997, p154—162. Timbers W.H., The Future of Nuclear Power: Not 'Why?' but 'When?'. Proceedings of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners Annual Convention, Boston, 11 November 1997. Britain's nuclear engineers said on Wednesday they were worried that safety could suffer if the government goes ahead with a plan to privatise the industry, Reuter's News Service, 22 November 1995. (Note: The article summarises the concerns of the Electricity Supply Trade Union Council.) Alerte sur l'avenir de la sûreté nucléaire, Libération, 14 October 1996. Final Policy Statement on the Restructuring and Economic Deregulation of the Electric Utility Industry, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC, 20 October 1997. Nuclear power in a competitive environment: myths and facts, Nuclear News, March 1997, p33—35. The prospects for nuclear power in the UK — White Paper published, Press Release P/95/310, 9 May 1995, Department of Trade and Industry, London. Future Nuclear Regulatory Challenges. OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, 1998. Maintenance costs: PreussenElectra and Sydkraft compared, Nuclear Engineering International, July 1996, p30—31. German O&M costs three times higher than EDF's, VDEW says, Nucleonics Week, 31 July 1998, p1 ff. Selling off your nuclear? — Here's what the NRC has in store, Public Utilities Fortnightly, 15 June 1997, p34—38. Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities — An Analysis of the Variability of Decommissioning Cost Estimates, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, 1991. Cost Estimates for Decommissioning Nuclear Reactors — Why Do They Differ So Much?, UNIPEDE, Brussels, March 1998. Future Financial Liabilities of Nuclear Activities, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, 1996. Competition and New Technology in the Electric Power Sector, International Energy Agency, Paris, 1996. Trends in Nuclear Research Institutes, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Paris, 1996. Competitive concerns are reshaping utility R&D programs, The Energy Daily, 10 April 1996, p3. Trends in R&D reflect strategies for deregulation, Power, November/December 1996, p43—44. The Changing Structure of the Electric Power Industry: An Update, DOE/EIA-0562(96), US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington DC, December 1996. Spanish Electrical Power Act — First Draft (unofficial translation). Comisión del Sistema Eléctrico Nacional, Madrid, November 1997, p67 ff. A long half-life, The Economist, 11 July 1998, p68. Production cost comparison reveals nuclear investments are vulnerable, European Energy Report, 16 January 1998, p10.

Electricity Market Competition and Nuclear Power Restore Frames  |  Sym Home  |  Programme  |  Back   |  Forward