References

  1. Externalities of Energy. ExternE Project, European Commission, vols 1 to 6, 1995.
  2. Externalities of Energy, National Implementations. ExternE Project, European Commission, 1998.
  3. Markandya A, Dale N & Schneider T, Improvement of the Assessment of Severe Accidents. ExternE, CEPN R260, December 1998.
  4. Rabl A, Curtiss PS, Spadaro JV, Hernandez B & Pons A, Environmental Impact and Costs: The Nuclear and Fossil Fuel Cycles. European Commission, 1996.
  5. Mission d’Analyse Bibliographique des Impacts de la Production d’Electricité pour la Filière Electro-Nucléaire et du Charbon. Ecobilan, Etude 1994.
  6. LCA for Electricity Generation. VATTENFALL, summary report, December 1996
  7. Dones R, Gantner U & Ménard M, Choice of Electricity Mix for Different LCA Applications. Paul Sherrer Institute, SETAC symposium, 1998.
  8. Hirschberg S, Piekerman G & Dones R, Severe Accidents in the Energy Sector. GaBe Project, Paul Sherrer Institute, First Edition, November 1998.
  9. Ökoinventäre für Energiesystemes. Zürich University of Technology (ETH), 1994.
  10. GaBE Project, Paul Sherrer Institute.
  11. Laurent JP, Recycling Uranium and Plutonium: No Significant Impact on Environment and Health. Cogema, Global 97.
  12. Etude Bibliographique sur la Comparaison des Impacts Sanitaires et Environnementaux de Cinq Filières Electrogènes (Nucléaire, Charbon, Gaz, Hydraulique, Eolienne). CEPN, April 1999.
  13. Bernard AL & Vielle M, The French Nuclear Program, an Appraisal with Respect to the Kyoto Protocol Through a World, Dynamic, General Equilibrium Model. Twenty-third Annual International Conference of the International Energy Economists Association, June 2000.
  14. The assessments for construction and dismantling are generally limited to power plants.
  15. Assuming that the repository can receive the wastes related to 100 000 tonnes of reprocessed spent fuel. Very low level waste can be generated by non-nuclear energy sectors. For instance, ashes resulting from the combustion of coal may induce doses up to 1 mSv/capita/year (Reference 16).
  16. Seitz R, Evaluation des Déchets Provenant des Chaînes de Production d’Electricité: à la Recherche d’un Terrain Commun. IAEA, vol 41, no 1, 1999.
  17. Little et al, Application of Procedures and Disposal Criteria Developed for Nuclear Waste Packages to Cases Involving Chemical Toxicity. EUR 16745 EN, European Commission, 1996.
  18. IPCC study, 1995.
  19. Les Coûts de Référence de la Production Electrique. Ministère de l’Economie et des Finances (France), DGEMP/DIGEC, May 1997.
  20. Destival B, Devezeaux J-G & Waroquaux W, Les Choix Energétiques et l’Environnement Vers une Nouvelle Rationalité: la Prise en Compte des Externalités. Revue de l’Energie, no 467, 1995.
  21. American Solar Energy Society and American Wind Energy Association.

Environmental Impacts of Electricity Generation

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